Red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus), often called “red gold,” is one of the most valuable and in-demand timbers globally. With its rich color, medicinal use, and spiritual significance, its cultivation in India has gained massive interest. However, due to its protected status, many wonder — is red sandal farming legal in India?
This guide provides a complete overview of the legal framework, recent developments, plant registration, and licensing requirements for red sandalwood farming in India as of 2025.
Is Red Sandal Farming Legal in India?
Yes, red sandalwood farming is legal in India, especially in states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. However, it is regulated under forest laws to prevent illegal logging and black-market trade.
Farming is allowed only on patta lands (privately owned and registered agricultural land), and farmers must comply with guidelines provided by the respective state forest departments.
Also Read: How to Start Red Sandalwood Farming
Legal Requirements for Red Sandal Farming
Starting a red sandalwood plantation in India involves following strict legal procedures to ensure compliance and long-term success. Cultivation is permitted only on privately owned patta land with a clear title and verified documentation. Before planting, farmers must obtain a government-approved soil test and register the plantation with the forest department.
Each red sandalwood tree must be individually registered, with a nominal fee charged per plant. Harvesting is not allowed without prior permission from authorities, and all timber transportation must be carried out with official transit permits.
Adhering to these guidelines not only protects your investment but also ensures transparency, security, and legal recognition in the long-term cultivation and commercialization of red sandalwood in approved Indian states.
1. Land Ownership and Documentation
- The land must be legally owned (with a clear title)
- Should be registered as agricultural land (patta land)
- Located in zones where red sandalwood cultivation is permitted (Andhra Pradesh is ideal)
2. Plantation Registration with Forest Department
- Mandatory to register red sandalwood plantations
- Farmers must provide:
- Total area of plantation
- Number of saplings
- Land survey details
- Each tree must be registered under the grower’s name (₹300 per tree in Andhra Pradesh)
3. Harvesting Permissions
- Red sandalwood trees can’t be harvested without a permit
- A request must be submitted to the Forest Department before cutting
- Trees are inspected before approval is granted
- Unpermitted harvesting is punishable under forest laws
4. Sale and Transit of Red Sandalwood
- Only registered trees can be harvested and sold
- Forest Department issues a Transit Permit (TP) for transportation
- Sale is done either via government auction or to licensed buyers
State-wise Guidelines for Cultivation
Understanding state-wise regulations is crucial before starting red sandalwood cultivation. Each state in India follows its own legal framework, documentation process, and approval system for plantation and harvesting.
This section outlines the key differences and legal permissions required across major states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka for compliant red sandalwood farming.
| State | Legal Status | Registration Required | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | ✅ Legal | ✅ Yes | Most supportive state, Seshachalam belt preferred |
| Tamil Nadu | ✅ Legal | ✅ Yes | Permitted under strict guidelines |
| Karnataka | ✅ Legal | ✅ Yes | Allowed only on approved private land |
| Other States | ❌ Restricted | ❌ May Not Apply | Varies; check with local forest departments |
Recent Legal Developments (As of 2023–2025)
CITES Decision on Artificially Propagated Plants
In 2023, the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) announced that red sandalwood cultivated through artificial propagation (plantations) can now be legally exported and traded, provided it follows proper documentation and traceability. This move opens global markets to Indian growers and investors.
Boost in Government Support
- Andhra Pradesh government is encouraging red sandal farming through legal backing
- Easier plant registration and soil testing processes
- More frequent auctions to ensure fair timber pricing
Best Practices for Legal Compliance
- Always register the plantation with the Forest Department
- Install CCTV and security fencing to protect trees
- Ensure every plant is geo-tagged and registered
- Partner with licensed farmland developers who manage:
- Soil testing
- Plant insurance
- Legal agreements
- Plantation maintenance
Why Legal Farming Matters
Unregistered or illegal red sandalwood plantations can result in:
- Heavy fines
- Confiscation of timber
- Legal proceedings under the Indian Forest Act
On the other hand, registered and compliant plantations offer:
- Government protection
- Legal harvest and sale rights
- Potential to export to global markets
Conclusion
Red sandalwood farming in India, especially in Andhra Pradesh, offers tremendous potential for long-term income and wealth creation. However, success depends on strict legal compliance, proper documentation, and long-term planning.
With the right guidance and government-approved farmland, red sandal farming can be a 100% legal and secure investment opportunity in 2025 and beyond.
FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions
Is it legal to grow red sandalwood in India?
Yes, red sandalwood farming is legal in India, especially in states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. However, growers must own the land, register their plantation with the forest department, and follow strict regulations regarding harvesting, sale, and transportation.
Can I sell red sandalwood without permission?
No, selling red sandalwood without permission is illegal. Even if grown on private land, you must obtain harvesting and transit permits from the forest department. Unauthorized sale or transport can lead to penalties and seizure of the timber.
What documents are required to start red sandalwood farming?
You’ll need agricultural land with a clear title, government-approved soil test report, red sandalwood plantation registration, and permission for harvest. Additionally, each tree must be registered with the forest department, and geo-tagging may be required.
What is the registration fee for red sandalwood plants?
In Andhra Pradesh, each red sandalwood tree must be registered with the forest department at a cost of ₹300 per plant. This registration links the plant ownership to your name and helps ensure full legal compliance.
Can I export red sandalwood grown on my private land?
Yes, recent updates to CITES regulations allow red sandalwood grown through artificial propagation (on plantations) to be exported legally. However, this must be done through proper channels, with government authorization and documentation.
